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How can this be enforced if a browser maker is not based in the EU? Will the EU block downloads? If Linux distributions patch the browser to remove the govt certificates the maintainers will be breaching EU laws?

Probably at some point they will start mandating those CAs for broader categories of sites until they make the (EU) internet unusable for anyone that does not have the govt certificates.

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Google, Mozilla, Apple, and Microsoft all have presence in the EU, and the EU can exert jurisdiction over them.

That gives control over the root stores for Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. (And the approximation of the Mozilla store used by most Linux distros, the root stores on macOS/iOS/etc, and the root store on Windows.)

I'm not aware of any other browsers worth considering.

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