Intrinsic value involves discounting future cash flows. With rates up that should punish Stripe similar to the rest of the
market.
https://www.valueresearchonline.com/stories/23354/intrinsic-...
It leaves out things like “what might the IP be worth to someone else?” and “What could the company do with better management?”
To your point, it’s frequently less than what the company trades at. Sometimes the opposite is true, and the company trades for less than the cash value of its assets minus liabilities.