Wow that paper has a cool footnote about the “empty paradigm”:

> Of course, many of these paradigms are useless in practice, such as the empty paradigm (no concepts)[1] or paradigms with only one concept.

> [1]: Similar reasoning explains why Baskin-Robbins has exactly 31 flavors of ice cream. We postulate that they have only 5 flavors, which gives 2^5 − 1 = 31 combinations with at least one flavor. The 32nd combination is the empty flavor. The taste of the empty flavor is an open research question.