In Iowa I have to pay an extra EV fee with my yearly vehicle registration/tags. I'm honestly not sure what that fee goes to in Iowa, but I imagine such a thing could be adopted to pay for an EV's share of the fuel tax.

Edit: looks like it does in fact act as the fuel tax for EVs.

[PDF] https://iowadot.gov/mvd/vehicleregistration/Electric-Vehicle...

Fuel taxes come nowhere near paying for the roads. Only a lack of imagination prevents us from replacing any lost tax revenues.

My town puts a $9/mo fee on my water bill to pay for road improvements. Everyone in town pays in regardless of how much or what they drive. The money is also being spent on sidewalks and bike routes, so non-drivers benefit too.

In GA there is an annual EV tax applied that is meant to replace the fuel tax when you re-register your vehicle.