> So by your definition, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Coumbia, U Penn, Brown, Dartmouth, Oxford, Paris, Liepzig, Bordeau, Glascow, Istanbul, Granada, Strassburg, Moscow, Berlin Technical, Freiberg Technical, Cambridge, practically every major Italian university, and hundreds of others aren't universities?

They weren't initially. They tranformed into modern universities in the 1800s.

'A 1643 publication defined the university's purpose: "to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.'

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University

Do you think that's what harvard is about today?

> (1) an institution of higher education which (2) offers multiple official, publicly recognized diplomas in secular subjects among others.

A degree mill doesn't a univeristy make. Universities today have to be accredited. Who accredited Bologna? Nothing.

1088 Bologna is not anything anyone around the world considers a university. When people around the world found universities, nobody looks at 1088 Bologna. All modern universities are secular/research based institutions following the humboldtian model.

When harvard decided to transform from a religious institution to a modern university, they didn't look to bologna.