We already have a mechanism for carbon literacy - prices. Price roughly correlates to how much energy something took to produce and, by proxy, carbon required.
If someone who bought a $300 steak bought a $10 steak, then someone else can't burn as much energy to sustain their lifestyle. Of course, the energy would be reallocated to someone else - but at the end of the day we do get a rough proxy of where the energy is going from the price of things.
It is something of a tautology. Prices represent resource allocation, and the major resource we have is energy which comes from fossil fuel. Prices all but have to reflect where the energy goes.