Inflation is excess demand for goods and services. We raise interest rates in an inflationary environment because we want people to accumulate wealth in the form of financial assets instead of spending on real things.

Raising taxes on high-income people could help if it goes far enough that we actually reduce our consumption. High income people have low marginal propensity to consume - that’s why it’s better to give regular people money when you want stimulus. Tax hikes targeted at the very high income would have to be very steep, or they’d just be absorbed by lower savings rates.

As long as we’re entertaining weird taxes, progressive consumption tax is probably what you want here. Special sales taxes on big ticket luxury items (cars, boats, watches, etc) could also do the same thing a little less elegantly but in a more familiar way.