So basically, I often write code that a CS grad would look at and say "Hey, that's the visitor pattern." and I'm like "Oh... cool!".
I'm the same way with music: I play jazz professionally and I'm an "ear player"... I have no technical vocab to describe what I'm doing but I get along just fine.
I'm sure knowing these things more formally would help but honestly, I think having good intuitions can take you pretty far.
Also, my recommendation for honing problem solving chops: