They're probably hoping to emulate Norway + Statoil, which has made the Norwegian state extremely rich[1]. It didn't stop oil exploration in Norwegian waters, quite the opposite.
[1] https://www.ft.com/content/99680a04-92a0-11de-b63b-00144feab...
[1] https://www.ft.com/content/99680a04-92a0-11de-b63b-00144feab...
https://psmag.com/environment/iraqi-vikings-farouk-al-kasim-...
Of course Norway has strong democratic institutions Iraq didn’t, but so did the Netherlands.
Saudi Arabia on the other hand is fabulously corrupt but they were still able to take over their oil industry (Aramco) without problems and even go upmarket in petrochemicals with SABIC.