If leadership isn't the causal factor then what is the causal factor?
The media reports on him.
Makes him look bad.
Not the media's fault.
It is how a genius can also be a fool
You can claim that all of the success is due to the other execs at those companies, but they are still his choices following his leadership. He has the power to fire any of them so they are clearly doing what he wants.
He may not be a well liked or a good leader. But that is different from effectiveness.
Elon is a highly effective leader, simply because his leadership has effectively carried out its objectives. and that is a categorical truth.
I'd argue part of what made Musk's companies so successful was the optics - he was seen as a visionary, building the future - ergo customers and engineers alike wanted to associate with him.
Since the decline in his optics over the last few years, has he been an effective leader? Twitter does not seem to support that notion.
He may not have been effective in all his ventures but for the majority he has been effective.
I'd say going into space and creating an effective electric car product is more than optics.
Did he? I see no evidence Twitter was at risk of total bankruptcy before he bought it.
> Still SpaceX and Tesla are examples of effectiveness overall
Which reinforces my point - both were formed and successful while Elon had good optics.
You may consider him to be a toxic and awful person but that is independent of him being an effective leader. For example, Hitler was an effective leader.