What do you mean by signaling? What happens under signaling?
This is what happens when your connection library starts a call-back after it connects; or blocks until the connection is ready; or use some continuation scheme, like futures to reorder your program and only start the next line of code after the connection is ready.
The alternative is what the article does. AFAIK, you can only do it in Javascript, because it's so obviously bad that no other language supports it.
For my example in circuitry, signal based synchronization uses a clock, or a ready signal. Time based synchronization just uses circuits that are ready to read data exactly when the previous step is done calculating it.
But clock is not a ready signal. The clock is just a periodical signal that keeps firing. If you squint your eyes, it is almost like an event loop performing a time.sleep(ns) before deciding to check the state. In the case of chips, the circuitry performs the next state transition after the very short delay decided by the periodical clock signal. The assumption that every pin would acquire a stable binary state before the next clock tick is a fundamental part of a chip design. Without that we'll have non-deterministic and ill-defined chip behavior.