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1887 is in the beginning of France electrification it could indeed be electricity poles (mostly haphazard efforts in France from 1880 to 1890-ish but it’s the entrance of Paris so not an unlikely candidate).

Alternatively that could also be part of the telegraphs system which was fairly widespread at the time (the painting is of one of Paris gates).

They look more like telephone poles, and if my google-fu is serving me, it's unlikely that large scale power distribution was around in Paris in 1887:

https://histoire.bnpparibas/en/the-compagnie-parisienne-de-d...

There was a woman on television in the 1990s who actually met Van Gogh back when she was a kid. I was surprised to hear that, just as you are surprised to see telephone poles in his pictures.