From personal experience I need a regular cleaning every year and since I'm not cheaping out anymore on this as I did as student my teeth related health problems went to 0. I think it is useful if you aren't that disciplined with taking care of it yourself. I forget to floss every other time or simply forget to brush at times when I sit at a longer coding session and might eat during it but then forget to brush teeth afterwards. Procedure always removes plenty of scale/tartar.

Over 2-3 years, which isn't insignificant, and does suggest cleanings can be done less frequently, but it isn't particularly long term.

I'm curious if that still holds over say 5 years. And how does it intersect with other practices. For example are people who don't floss religiously more likely to benefit from more frequent cleanings, etc.

That paper only looks at the effects on gum health, not cavities.