Now that I think about, what's the etymological reason we use "degrees" to talk about temperature? We don't measure force in "degrees Newton" or electric current in "degrees Ampère". Why do we do it for Celsius and Fahrenheit?
Not for force, no, but: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_scale
The reason you can do it for Celsius or Fahrenheit is that those are scales but not units. The energy in two bodies (with constant heat capacity) at 100° is not the same as in a single body at 200°, but if you use kelvins then it works out.
Kelvin is the standard unit for temperature, 0 Kelvin is the absolute zero point. Each step is the same size as a degree Celsius, but there are no "degrees".
Edit: remove assertion that the scale does not go into negative, because physics.