Japan, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan, Ukraine. Technically Iraq as well, although I don't think the Iraqis were particularly happy about that.
But if it counts, then the US propped up every country in NATO by defending them from the USSR and Russia.
Or Japanese, because the island was a Japanese colony until 1945. Rule of that island was hardly a Chinese internal matter, as it was in fact decided in 1945 by the United States (part of the surrender of Japan).
And the U.S. State Department's official position in 1959 was that Formosa was not a part of China as a country.
In short, the RoC lost the civil war completely and fled to new territory. After that, there was just the threat of the CCP pursuing the RoC beyond what were (certainly as recently as 1945) the borders of China.
1. they had been citizens of imperial China for hundreds of years during the Qing dynasty, until Japan briefly and brutally colonized the island in 1895. And,
2. Han Chinese had been the majority on Taiwan since the 1600s — and parts of Taiwan (the Penghu islands) had in fact been originally Han Chinese, and had been ruled by China since the early days of the Yuan Dynasty (and semi-unofficially settled by China since the Song dynasty). It simply isn't true that "The island of Taiwan/Formosa did have people on it before the RoC fled there, but they were not Chinese." They were majority Chinese even on the main island, and had been for many centuries, long before the PRC vs RoC civil war.
Taiwan was not "new territory" for China. If you're going to quote the State Department on whether Taiwan was originally part of China, then have a gander at their 1943 statement: "all the territories that Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Formosa and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration And while the U.S. claims that this was a statement of intent that was never fully implemented, it's still a statement of intent, and the RoC administered Taiwan post-WWII, and has never stopped.
The RoC didn't flee to new territory, they fled to the last remnants of the existing territory that they could defend in a civil war. And the U.S. propped them up, and continues to do so (in my opinion rightfully, but of course, I'm biased).
Also, this really isn't anything like the U.K. frankly.
Kurdistan (parts of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran) should probably be a sovereign country, separate from Iraq.
Sunnis and Shiites hated their swap of power roles after the 2003 invasion. Those who were elected to government post-2003 were too concerned with punishing the others rather than unifying the country.
Also, people lose their minds when basic security is lacking and the policy of debaathification in post-2003 turned out to create a brain drain from government, military, police, and utilities.
Sometimes I wonder if Iraq’s instability was caused by the US’s migration to high tech military, which reduces the need to have 5x the numbers of soldiers on the ground as happened in Japan and Germany.
This is squarely the fault of Donald Rumsfeld, who was given plans pre-war by General Eric Shinseki and the rest of the Joint Chiefs that involved significantly more forces. Instead, Rumsfeld pitched a fit and made them redo the OPLAN so it fit his whole high-tech "revolution in military affairs" crap.
Rumsfeld was hired by Bush. Colin Powell sold the invasion to the US public and the UN. The US Congress overwhelmingly supported use of force. Who knows exactly the extent of Cheney’s involvement. Rumsfeld only had authority because of the chain of events before that.
The only sizable presence of anything of the US origin in Ukraine were Protestant missionaries, unlikely supported or directed by the US government. Everything else was there in such low numbers that it was, essentially, unnoticeable. If anything, the US didn't really pay attention to this part of the world...