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Comment by Karellen | Hacker News Reader

An empty IPv4 packet is 20 bytes, and an empty IPv6 packet is 40 bytes. An empty TCP header is 20 bytes. Therefore, if you want to send a single byte over TCP, you need 41 bytes over TCP/IPv4, or 61 bytes over TCP/IPv6.

Let's call that 64 bytes/packet for a small packet.

20ms/packet = 50 packets/sec = 3200 bytes/sec = 3.125KiB/s.

For comparison, a copper-wire non-broadband modem in the early '90s ran at 33.6kbps (kilobits/sec) which worked out at 4.1KiB/s. So a packet every 20ms wouldn't even saturate 30-year old modem tech. And believe me, that was slooooooow!

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In the early 90's I was still using 2400 baud, maybe 9600

I went from 2400 to 14.4; 9600 was the limit before trellis modulation, but IIRC it jumped from 14.4 to 33.6 rather quickly.

[edit]

After some quick googling, 33.6 wasn't standardized until 1996 (compare to 14.4 in 1991), but the manufacturers released modems ahead of the V.34 standard with DSPs so that they could be upgraded to the standard when it was available.

14.4 did catch on almost overnight in the early 90s though as the modems were no more expensive (and sometimes cheaper) than slower modems.

You kids and your high-speed 2400 baud modems. When I was dialing up, we had 300 baud AppleCats and we liked it.

I had an Atari 800, with an MPP-1000c modem. Those babies could, when connected to another modem of the same model, push the speed up to 450 baud. They were odd devices, connecting to the computer through one of its joystick ports.

I remember 56k (V90!) in the late 90s. I can't remember when 36k came in, though.

The 56k was only in one direction, made possible by having the ISP modem on an ISDN PRI. In that configuration the only ADC in the fast direction is the high resolution one in the modem.

But slow forced people to use their brains. Around 2002 I did WFH using some 30 kbit/s practical speed. My X11 desktop was shared pixel-accurate with decent response times over VNC.

20 years later if someone shares their code over Google Meet I see some blurred stuff. And red font takes 3 seconds to become clear.

The US hasn't really improved infrastructure since the 90s though. So yeah, it's slow, but it's also still that slow for many people.

yeah, keeping the total bandwidth used to be less than a dialup modem connection was an explicit goal when choosing the 20ms default interval.

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