Yes, but it is likely China can over come it. China has lots of educated people and as close to infinite resources as you can get on this planet. So it is just a matter of focus.

Blockading a small country that doesn't have a lot of resources can be very effective, even long-term, look at Cuba or Gaza Strip, but blockading China just slows them down temporarily until they overcome this challenge.

The main issue China has is just that they have a population decline problem which will continue to get worse over the next 50 years. That to me is the only thing that truly threatens China long-term and will sap its innovation and productivity.