TruffleRuby is a good existance proof that it's not just that. (Clojure is another dynamic language, but it was designed to be hosted on the JVM so it's an easier case)
Clojure and Java are dissimilar in non-trivial ways.
Also there's a CL on the JVM - Armed Bear Common Lisp.
Though LLVM seems like it best maps the semantics of a language like C++, there's a fairly diverse lot of languages with LLVM backends, including Common Lisp, Haskell, Scala, and Swift.