Hebrew itself was "extinct" as a spoken language by about 200ce. Until the 20th century when it was revived. It was replaced by Aramaic and Greek.

Aramaic lived for a longer period, but then slowly died out. As a liturgical language western Aramaic / Syriac lived on, and eastern variants for longer but as a widespread, spoken lived language in the Levant I believe Greek replaced it, and then Arabic. I understand that "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic" lingered on for some time in some smaller communities.