Wow! There is a whole roster of woman scientists that were denied a Nobel Prize and this one seems to be the most appalling one! And I had never heard about her before. I knew about one other though:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell

The discoverer of the pulsar, for which the Nobel Prize was awarded to two others - her PhD supervisor and an astronomer.

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I want to admit: when I clicked the link to the Wikipedia article of Cecilia Payne I expected some really minor quirky historical figure – not the literal discoverer of the sun’s composition.