Please see Figure 2 in the blog post https://stefan-marr.de/2023/10/ast-vs-bytecode-interpreters/... or Sec. 5.2 in the paper https://stefan-marr.de/papers/oopsla-larose-et-al-ast-vs-byt...

We report on results for both, with and without just-in-time compilation. The specific focus for this work was pure interpreter performance in the context of metacompilation systems, but before compilation had a chance to kick in.

For both RPython and Truffle/Graal, it's possible to disable the JIT compilers and measure pure interpreter speed.