There are no controls in place.
This line is becoming quite a pattern in UK (Tory) government rhetoric. They forcefully state wishful thinking as if it were a fact.
There are no controls because there is no possibility of controls, as a matter of mathematics. But by exploiting ignorance, the tories managed to beast parliament into an intractable "just imagine if..." clause in the Online Safety Bill... a law that provisionally exists if and only if the impossible becomes possible.
And then they sit back, fold their arms and call those "controls".
Controls must be effective, otherwise they're just buttons for show, that aren't wired to anything.
The reason nation states are losing ground to BigTech is because they are using 18th century power politics to fight 21st century logic.
I do wish my government would go take some basic CS and cryptography classes.