Hard to tell from appearance only but my initial impression is that's an inductor, not a capacitor. The circuit looks like a switching power regulator. The capacitors would be beige with silver ends, this one looks like an over molded inductor, similar to [1], and is used as the main power inductor in a buck regulator.

If this is an inductor, my gut reaction is it has an insufficient current rating for the application and it is overheating. Inductors have a bunch of loss mechanisms that contribute to heating. Depending on the type of metal used to build the core, it can 'hard saturate' and effectively walk itself off a cliff once the current draw gets too high. At some point, it gets hot enough to desolder itself from the circuit board. It's possible they did not see this in validation because the power draw of SSDs depend heavily on the work load and process variations in the chips; erase current can have a fairly wide variation.

fwiw, voiding of solder joints is a problem. The solder is applied as a paste - fine particles of metal solder suspended in solder flux. During reflow the flux evaporates and leaves the metal behind, but if the process isn't tuned right bubbles of gas can be trapped in the joint. This can lead to reliability problems. It can also increase the effective thermal resistance to the circuit board, which for tiny components like this can often be the primary path for heat removal during normal operation.

[1] https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/pulse-electronics...