Yes, It does that based on some none-transparent parameters. For example, right now my phone will try to slow charge at night. However, charging at night is impossible for me as the temperatures are too low (10f is nothing unusual right now on the divide). So, I have to set a fake alarm (or change my time zone) in hope that adaptive charging mode will trigger slow charging. It doesn't always work.

If you go to bed late, wake up early, need to charge for a few minutes at a party, etc, android slow charge at best doesn't work, and at worst works against you.

I have no idea how setting charging settings on our mobile computing devices is something that is not supported in 2023