Part of the trouble is that it’s really far away.
Keck has a 10-meter aperture and its image of Uranus looks like this: https://keckobservatory.org/keck_pictures_of_uranus_show_bes...
https://news.berkeley.edu/2022/12/01/webb-space-telescope-ke...
> Though the quality of the JWST and Keck images may look about the same to the untrained eye, de Pater noted that JWST has instruments that can measure aspects of Titan’s atmosphere that Keck cannot, complementing one another. In particular, JWST’s infrared spectroscopic capability allows it to pinpoint the altitudes of clouds and hazes with much better accuracy.
> “By using spectrometers on JWST together with the optical image quality with Keck, we get a really complete picture of Titan,” she said, such as the heights of clouds, the atmosphere’s optical thickness, and the elevation of haze in the atmosphere.
> In particular, at wavelengths where Earth’s atmosphere is opaque — that is, Titan cannot be seen from any Earth-based telescope — JWST can observe and provide information on the lower atmosphere and surface.
It amazes me that we can detect any of those with telescopes so far away. Does anyone have a rough explanation for how this is possible?
Highest magnification is approximately 2x the aperture in mm, and 300x is approximately the atmospheric limit.
Admittedly I've been having trouble reliably locating it. Currently it's near the middle of a line between the Pleiades and Jupiter. From where I am there are no naked eye visible stars in the region to help walk the scope in.
A modern probe to the ice giants is long overdue. Plenty of missions were proposed over decades, but none actually made it.
The expectations humans have on new technology ceases to amaze me especially when something is unbelievably impressive and people are like, that's all?
This being said, that image is still better than anything else we have seen from other telescopes
Distance from earth to Uranus varies between 2.6-3.2e12 m from Earth [1]. Speed of light in vacuum is 3e8 m/s, so calling the distance 3e12 to make the math easy, it's 1e4s (2 and 7/9 hours) for light to travel between earth and Uranus.
[1] https://www.space.com/18709-uranus-distance.html#:~:text=How....
The distance between continents is hard enough for the human brain to comprehend, and imagine the difficulty in trying to caputure an image with a telephoto lens of some resolvable feature in japan, from europe or america (forgetting the shape of the Earth's surface for a moment).
Of course ever graceful, nature offers us a compromise. Most astronomical object (galaxies, nebula) are very big, and very very far away. It is not resolution that makes it difficult to see them (since they span an appreciable arc-width of our sky, e.g. search pictures of the angular width of andromeda galaxy or the orion nebula compared to the moon), but how faint they are.
The photons they emit are travelling across swathes of the observable universe. They travel across scales where the presence of galaxy clusters warp the geometry of space-time, a turbulant voyage for these light rays. They travel across distances where space itself inflates like a balloon, the expanding universe sapping energy from them until they arrive in our detectors or eyeballs redshifted beyond recognision. This is why observatories and satellite-telescopes need to place a huge emphasis on scaling up mirror size to scoop up all the photons they possibly can, as opposed to strictly focusing on resolution - as an earthbound photographer might naively expect.
Now consider the nature of planets, they are not diffuse clouds of molecules or dust lanes spanning galactic widths, they are tightly bound, tangible, physical objects. Now they might be our neighbours, trapped in the same spiral around the sun's gravitational well, but that doesn't mean they're "close" in any sense that the human mind could every really fathom. If we want to resolve atmospheric or geographic (is that even the right word for other planets?) features, we need to be able to achieve precise resolutions beyond what is normally required for other types of astronomical observation. Indeed, if you've every taken a class on optics or astronomy, you might be suprised how quickly fundamental limits of resolution that arise from lights wave-like behaviour - like airy disks - begin to veil that which we wish to observe, when playing around with frequiencies and aperture widths on a "humman" scale.
If the Sun were a ping pong ball, the closest star would be 1500 km away. It is utterly mind blowing expressed that way.
Indeed, our best chance to travel that enormous distance to our next door neighbour is perhaps to take our entire Earth there.