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Comment by londons_explore | Hacker News Reader

but that dnsmasq instance is configured by default to consult the ISP's DNS servers by default as upstream.

Right, but it has a DNSSEC option that when switched on can protect against this attack (provided the ISP isn't stripping all DNSSEC info from their replies), at the cost of suffering the other consequences of attempting DNSSEC validation. Not a great solution overall, but it does exist.

Look, you're either recursing or you're not. If you're not recursing, you're not really validating DNSSEC records. If you are, you're not vulnerable to NXDOMAIN ads. The NXDOMAIN thing is in fact not a good use case for DNSSEC. That's all I'm saying here, I'm not making any broader claim than that. Of course you can just install a recursive resolver on your router. But then you don't need DNSSEC!

> If you're not recursing, you're not really validating DNSSEC records.

Nope, validating in stubs is a thing. systemd's resolved does it. Apple's high-level network frameworks do it if you ask as of a couple of years ago (they've been back and forth on DNSSEC in their lower level API for longer than that). I'm not sure how well they work but they're there.

A validating stub resolver is effectively a recursive resolver proxying through another recursor. At the point where you're going to do that, you might as well just run a recursive server. Either way: you don't have the NXDOMAIN problem. I really don't think there's a way to get around this. It's not dispositive of DNSSEC (other things are!), it's just not a real use case?

> A validating stub resolver is effectively a recursive resolver proxying through another recursor. At the point where you're going to do that, you might as well just run a recursive server.

Every iPhone on the planet might as well be a recursive resolver? Yeah, nah.

Yeah, yah. Watch the WWDC video on how the validating stub resolver in iOS works. They even call it a recursive resolver.

RFC 8499:

   Stub resolver:  A resolver that cannot perform all resolution itself.
      Stub resolvers generally depend on a recursive resolver to
      undertake the actual resolution function.

They literally have an animation of the client resolver making repeated requests up the tree. While saying they're making multiple requests. And calling it recursive.

> ...requests up the tree

That's right, it's not recursively working its way down from the root because it's a stub resolver.

I give up. You win. DNSSEC is the perfect solution for forged NXDOMAIN responses.

Bare in mind systemd’s resolved has dnssec validation disabled by default and it’s (afaik) still marked as experimental.

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