You need a "titre executoire", which a judgment in court is. If on the other hand you have a simple normal everyday contract and the customer isn't paying for it, you can ask the court for a titre executoire, where the other party can argue and the judge can check whether it was a real contract / you delivered / ... and if yes will give an order to pay -- it takes between 2 weeks and 3 months in my experience, if you get the titre and the other party still doesn't pay then you can use the commissaire de justice de seize from their account.
If your contract is for a sum below 5000 you don't need to involve the court, only to have tried amical resolution before, and then the unpaid contractual debt act as a titre executoire by itself, that the commissaire can act on (though as that point the other party is allowed to involve a judge to protect themselves if needed or wanted).
They usually send a notice to banks and banks have to return what accounts they own for said person, to allow the proportional seizure.
Now this has limits of course, most importantly if the other party is insolvent, or if the commissaire cannot find their assets or they don't have any, etc ... But for a company like Orange, it's a non issue.
This will be paid, one way or the other.
[1] https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F922