Nice paper. But my take is this: If this model of operation of the human mind is an emergent property of a simpler network architecture that's scaled up, nothing is stopping us from building a massive version of it and training it. This can be done in 10 years.

However if it's a combination of myriads of bespoke mechanisms that emerged evolutionarily then it's going to take a while, because we have to rediscover them through research or find a way to detect and copy them from our brains. For example if there are tons and tons of multi-scale mechanisms (network architectures+molecular dynamics+feedback systems+adaptive cell responses) for each function of the human brain then yeah it's going to take a long time. But if there's only a handful of bespoke systems related to cognition (memory, emotional regulation, motor skills, perception, motivation) then it's very much doable. Nobody thought that you could chat with a simple CNN 15 years ago, but here we are.