It uses the original Lyme vaccine (which worked but which was withdrawn because nobody was buying it) to treat mice. You put out a bait station and the mice eat the vaccine laden bait and it kills Lyme in the mice. Ticks overwinter on mice, so if the mice are immune the ticks also get immunized. It's not perfect but they claim a 75% reduction in Lyme in ticks. Lymeshield seems to only have limited release and requires a licensed pesticide expert to install the bait station (not sure why, it seems trivial, but that's the only way the are selling it, maybe to prevent people from trying to vaccinate themselves by eating the pellets?)