No, congress gave FDA the authority to regulate food additives. This does not mean congress has to list out EVERY SINGLE ADDITIVE, and to think that is very naive in how the legislative and legal process works. Consider this broad hypothetical: The FDA can regulate food additives, what about engine oil additives?

If the FDA said no, Valvoline cannot use a specific additive to their motor oil, we would all scratch our heads and say that's not the FDA's job, and they don't have the authority to do that. Under Chevron deference the courts would defer to the FDA and say yes, they have the experts to decide these things, who are we to second-guess the regulatory agency?

With this Supreme Court decision, courts will no longer automatically defer to the agencies.