> Graeber lists a few of these bogus occupations[1]: tax lawyers, marketing consultants, actuaries, HR consultants, financial strategists, etc.

jeez, i was thinking cart returner, cashier, some landscaping jobs, ...

Jobs that either could be easily replaced by tech(cashier, waitress),

easily replaced by the customer themselves(shelf stockers vs costco style pallets, cart returner vs aldi style coin system),

or things that society deems desirable but are not realistically valuable (landscaping is sometimes useless, but society sees it as valuable)

actuary has 100% value, we NEED to know the percent chance of something happening, so we can account for billing(if not used for profit mongering, its still required to run an altruistic insurance). I'd say actuary, whether for insurance company or for studies, is a necessary job forever. (not accounting for AI)