(And this enables some increasingly wondrous acts of software archaeology, due to people building OCI images not for preservation, but just for "use at the time" — and then just never purging them from whatever repository they've pushed them to. People are preserving historical software builds in a runnable state, completely by accident!)
Before Docker, the nearest thing you could do to this was to package software as a VM image — and there was no standard for what "a VM image" was, so this wasn't a particularly portable/long-term solution. Often VM-image formats became unsupported faster than the software held in them did!
But now, with OCI images, we're nearly to the point where we've e.g. convinced academic science to publish a paper's computational apparatus as an OCI image, so that it can be pulled 10 years later when attempting to replicate the paper.