The title of the article is usually cached wherever it is shared. The Facebook post, Discord link, Google search result, and even the HN post could be a snapshot of the title when it was indexed or shared, not necessarily when it was clicked.
So you wouldn’t get the signal you hoped for.
Making distinct URLs for each different headline would solve that problem, but I think you’d get flagged for duplicate content across your site. SEO would suffer, unless I’m mistaken. We’d need an SEO expert to chime in.
In reality, editors and authors who have been doing this for years already know how to make titles into clickbait efficiently. They know what works best from experience and hundreds or thousands of personal trials.