Why does the format use $-prefixed keys? That's pretty weird as far as JSON schemas go.
As for the "pretty weird" aspect — it's definitely uncommon but it's been seen before: the $ prefix is also used by the JSON Reference ($ref): https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-pbryan-zyp-json-ref-01... — and just in case, we ran this syntax past Ben Hutton (inventor of JSON Schema) to ensure we weren't doing anything silly.
I've only ever seen $ used before with meta properties that work across all schemas like the $ref you mentioned and $schema.
That said, there definitely are other valid ways to solve it.