As a native German speaker I don’t think I’ve ever heard any of the listed words except Bremsschwelle. Most of them are weird regional slang terms that won’t mean anything to most people, no need to overthink it that much.
Around here we just call them Bodenwelle or Verkehrshürde but I haven't ever heard Bremsschwelle to be honest. The word sounds very strange to me and more like a bureaucratic term rather than a word people regularly use.
Speaking of which, I checked dejure for a Rechtssprechung. It seems that Fahrbahnschwelle is the official term. [1]
[1] https://dejure.org/dienste/vernetzung/rechtsprechung?Gericht...