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Neither one of this are issues. Devices need to be manufactured so that you cannot touch potentially live connections if they are connected to sockets.

You think all the knock off overseas manufacturers are adhering to this religiously? Belt and braces works fine for me in this case.

I also saw British plugs from China that had no fuse in it (just a plug adapter that was attached to the charger).

Irrelevant. If neutral gets disconnected, your hypotetical device will have hot case anyway. That is why devices without grounding have to be double insulated

It’s better to just assume neither conductor can be touched.

There is no use case touching neutral conductors or neutral connected metal cases. No functionality is lost by having devices be double insulated, and in practice most if not all devices on the UK market are made to also be marketable in countries with non-polar connectors.