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Are there good performance comparisons between postgres, mariadb and percona? I'm really curious at this point in which case each of those database shine.

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Probably depends on the particular workload, but there are at least some attempts at benchmarking vaguely typical workloads: https://datasystemreviews.com/postgresql-vs-mariadb-performa...

Apples to apples, Postgres might lose, but that'd be tying both hands behind its back first.

Remember that Postgres's feature set is far larger than those alternatives. If you can use a range with an exclusion constraint, an unnest with an array, or the like, you'll be seeing Postgres leave the alternatives in the dust.

Imagine writing a benchmark comparing programming languages, but the benchmark only includes idioms that all tested languages shared in common. Wouldn't be a fair comparison, would it?

Yes, but I wonder how many apps using ORMs actually use all features from postgres. So, in the practical use case of typical Rails, Laravel, Django or expressJS, what would the performance look like?

That's an indictment of ORMs more than an evaluation of database options.

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