In safe rust you cannot read uninitialized memory or variables, you cannot dereference a null or freed pointer, you can't concurrently mutate the same variable from multiple threads without locking primitives, you can't accidentally modify a variable after it has been moved out of scope - all of these things are enforced at compile time. If your code compiles, you are safe from all of these classes of bugs (outside the use of unsafe code).

In addition, you can't overflow a buffer nor unintentionally read outside the bounds of an array, that will cause a runtime panic and abort the program.

Doing this in C or C++ is possible, but the fact that even the best of the best programmers in these languages sometimes still make these mistakes shows the limitations of the paradigm.

Even the most novice Rust programmer who stays in the guardrails will produce programs free of these sorts of memory safety bugs. The same cannot be said about C or C++ programs.