There is an ASCII chart in https://phrack.org/issues/72/18_md#article which references https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07753 [PDF], a 2020 article showing that open source peaked in 2013. In some qualitative sense that feels intuitively correct, but I am skeptical that in the modern world filled with a zillion NPM dependencies and the cloud YAML explosion and now vibe-coded everything that we are actually producing less lines of open source than we did in 2013. Is anyone aware of newer studies that investigate this?