Granite is a common material for modern surface plates (and a good one because it doesn't rust and doesn't raise burrs if it's chipped), but I believe these are still made using cast iron reference plates.
Granite is a common material for modern surface plates (and a good one because it doesn't rust and doesn't raise burrs if it's chipped), but I believe these are still made using cast iron reference plates.
Doing the "covered with dye and rubbed together to find the high points, which are then scraped off" thing is only if you already have a flat reference surface as you wouldn't have a way to know if the thing you're trying to make flat is really flat.
The real question is how do you get the first flat reference surface when all you have are a few somewhat flat things?
my understanding is the threeplate method allows you to build the reference plate in the first place.
of course if you have a known flat surface you can save effort by making the new plate flate to the known flat.
All the effort!
one of the good things about granite flat references, is that they last for ages, so you can get them reasonably cheaply second hand, if you can find a second hand machine shop specialist.
Maudsleys 3 plates are in the London science museum along with Whitworths screw, and some of Marc Brunels stuff. Same room as the meccano differential analyser and the harmonic calculator for tide charts and Babbage bits.
Edit: found it - https://archive.is/iyCzB
This is done like the "dye / rub / scrape" method described above, which I believe is still used as it's superior to grinding for these applications.
See video below for the process: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7w84CrBEE8