"Medicine" can not say anything about kids throwing rocks, it can only talk about broken windows and roofs, because all it measures is houses. I did not argue against measuring and fixing houses. I did not claim there are no visible differences in fMRI, nor did I claim there were, nor did I claim there are no genetic differences, or that there were. Straw man. It makes no difference for what I was arguing about, which you decided to ignore and not engage with.
"The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level."
The Brainstorm Consortium; Anttila, V., Bulik-Sullivan, B., Finucane, H. K., Walters, R. K., Bras, J., … (2018). Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science, 360(6395), eaap8757. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8757
"This empirical evidence of *shared* genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders."
Lee, S. H., Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Faraone, S. V., Purcell, S., Perlis, R. H., … Wray, N. R. (2013). Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs. Nature Genetics, 45(9), 984-994. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2711
"evidence accumulated over decades of family and twin studies have shown that familial and heritable components commonly overlap between disorders. […] Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders also share genetic determinants with dimensional psychological and neurocognitive traits that transcend diagnostic boundaries."
Lee, P. H., Feng, Y. A., & Smoller, J. W. (2021). Pleiotropy and Cross-Disorder Genetics Among Psychiatric Disorders. Biological psychiatry, 89(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.026
"We are so embedded in this structure. We have spent so much time diagnosing mental disorders that we actually believe they are real. But there's no reality. These are just constructs. There's no reality to schizophrenia or depression. We might have to stop using terms like depression and schizophrenia, because they are getting in our way, confusing things." (Thomas R Insel MD, NIMH director 2005-2015)
https://www.madinamerica.com/2022/04/thomas-insel-future-men...
"In the last 2 decades, it has become obvious that child abuse, urbanization, migration, and adverse life events contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia and other psychoses. […] I expect to see the end of the concept of schizophrenia soon." (Murray, R. M. (2016). Mistakes I Have Made in My Research Career. Schizophrenia Bulletin, sbw165. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw165)
"Clinically, the evidence that symptoms cut across disorders — or that people frequently have more than one disorder — has only grown stronger. […] Even seemingly separate disorders are linked. In 2008, geneticist Angelica Ronald, then at King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry, and her colleagues found that autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) overlapped."
Nature: The hidden links between mental disorders (2020) https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00922-8
"I would say [biomarkers] are potentially highly useful but conceptually and practically incomplete"
Freckelton I., QC (2018). Overdiagnosis in Psychiatry: How Modern Psychiatry Lost Its Way While Creating a Diagnosis for Almost All of Life's Misfortunes, by Paris Joel: Oxford University Press, 2015, xi-xix and 1-181 pp., Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law, 25(2), 325–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2018.1463588