Ideally, it's similar to any commissioned sales position, just with larger numbers as it's based on the performance of the company as a whole not just one set of sales connections. The more you increase the overall value of the company, the more you get. You increase the value of the company by $10B, your commission of 1-5% is $100-500m in stock, so even your wealth is tied to the success of the company.

IMO, the role of government this is to establish societal baselines in terms of criminality of certain actions and to ensure a baseline of competition. Actually acting on the former and the latter... the former by affecting the financial wealth of executives and board members when a company's neglegence harms society. The latter by not giving outsized govt contracts to a single provider for anything and to establish that if there are restrictions (medication, for example( that multiple providers/manufacturers must be present in the market, and that a certain portion is produced domestically (for security).

This one is a great read because it's true whether or not you value CEOs!