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Interesting. I don't recall this happening during my studies. You didn't have the time in my exams to cheat, leaving for the toilet was strongly discouraged and if you did leave, you would have an invigilator standing behind you at the urinal or outside the cubicle.

Just ban bathroom breaks and cap exams two 90-120 minutes tops. If longer examination is needed split it into multiple sessions. I genuinely believe that being able to plan around bathroom breaks or manage discomfort otherwise is a reasonable expectation.

Or you make the tasks smaller and ban bathroom breaks, or replace the task with an equivalently challenging one if break is given. Or you check for phones before the exam. There are a lot of things that can be done.