I've built some seriously complicated stuff which builds on Linux, Solaris and FreeBSD in the past with no autoconf magic required.
Autoconf is just a massive Rube Goldberg machine in disguise.
I think there are more papers on build systems than on sort algorithms.
make -f Makefile.osf1
make -f Makefile.sunos4
make -f Makefile.sunos5
There is usually little difference between them - mainly compiler names/flags and the occasional def for code. Occasionally make is broken at which point you have to frig something.Keep It Simple is the #1 rule. Rule #2 is every bad thing you do will do two things bad back to you in the future.
It uses a shell script to do a little bit of config, then bootstraps mk (a Bell Labs successor to make) and builds everything from some very human-readable mkfiles. When you want to build, you just untar the source and run ./INSTALL
Occasionally, though, my needs will be more complicated than what make can handle on its own (lots of compile-time options, for example, or lots of dependency checking), and in those cases I'll use waf. Waf is lovely and hasn't let me down, and it's easy to use for people who are used to the ./configure && make && sudo make install sequence.