The CS 101 model of computing doesn’t have TCO… which makes it pretty accurate to the real world.
For instance:
"All current mainstream [C++] compilers perform tail call optimisation fairly well (and have done for more than a decade), even for mutually recursive calls" [1].
"As of July 22, 2023 Safari is the only browser that supports tail call optimization" of JavaScript [2].
"Since Clojure uses the Java calling conventions, it cannot, and does not, make the same tail call optimization guarantees. Instead, it provides the recur special operator, which does constant-space recursive looping" [3].
"The Scala compiler will automatically optimize any truly tail-recursive method. If you annotate a method that you believe is tail-recursive with the @tailrec annotation, then the compiler will warn you if the method is actually not tail-recursive" [4].
[1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/34129
[2]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/37224563