Ah, conference manoeuvring. It's as old as politics. Sounds like the Spanish did everyone a favour by asking whether "the feeling of the room" was a vote or not, because gosh it'd be easy to "accidentally" mark it down as a vote in the minutes.

Other tactics I recognised from my student politics days:

* Proposing a batshit crazy option, then offering a "compromise". See also: anchoring tactics.

* Having various scapegoats who can be sacrificed as the bad guy if and when something comes to light.

* Springing documents at the last minute, so there's no time for detailed review. Good old false-sense-of-urgency.

* Wearing attendees down by meeting into the wee hours of morning.

* Whack-a-mole motions: keep bringing up the same proposal in different language. One of them might eventually slip through, especially if you "accidentally" lock out those opposed or send them to the wrong address.

Speaking tactically, it seems from this account that the USA didn't work the conference the way it ought to have. I will now go on to be a condescending ass (as befits someone with student politics experience).

As soon as it was clear what was afoot (a power-grab), you can safely assume that your counterparties are not acting in good faith and you begin to deliberately disrupt proceedings.

For example: endless points of order. Bring them up on the slightest technicality. Get an ally to do it.

Constant procedural motions. Move that the subject be tabled. Move foreshadowing. Move that the speaker be no longer heard. Move that the chairman be replaced. Move that the meeting be adjourned. Move that the meeting be relocated. Move everything in the book that can be moved.