Can you use the homomorphism to get that?
F(r,q0,q1) = F(r,q0,q1+0) = F(r,q0,q1)+F(r,q0,0) = F(r,q0,q1) + 0
F(r,q0,q1) = F(r,q0,q1+0) = F(r,q0,q1)+F(r,q0,0) = F(r,q0,q1) + 0
F(r,q0,q1)
= F(r,q0*1,q1*1)
= q0*q1*F(r,1,1)
Very simple! It remains to show that F(r,1,1) = K/r^2, as intended.Conservation of E-field flux certainly implies additive-homomorphism (addition of charges equals addition of forces). But that seems a bit ahistorical because Maxwell would develop field theory 70 years after Coloumb. Either way, the axiom you choose requires empirical justification, and I think a home hobbyist could more easily demonstrate by experiment that adding charges will add the forces.
Or, if you meant F(r,1,1) = K/r^2, then yeah, conservation of E-field flux could give you an inverse square law. But again, that requires an experiment to justify the axiom.