It's not even a test of an orbital data center.
All it will do it determine if and how a Google TPU performs in space.
First they figure out whether they could get away with using unmodified "off-the-shelf" hardware they already have and how to cool it.
By the time they have a working design, it'll already be a small group of such satellites basically being a fully operational orbital data centre, albeit a rather small one. So yeah, I think there's a point to calling this a test for an "orbital data centre", just like Apollo 1-A was a test for a manned Moon mission despite being suborbital and uncrewed.
They're, ahead, not doing that, though. Per the article, they explicitly will not attempt to provide adequate cooling.