The paper calls for investigating the development process. Not constraining the deployment process. Use of AI systems by Flock and ICE, for example, is a deployment issue. Using AI to evaluate loan applications and resumes is a deployment issue.
The legal model to look at is the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation. That regulates what companies can do with data and how they can use it against people.
You can develop anything you want in the data mining and analysis area, but the GPDR restricts how companies can use the results.
Focusing on the development process moves political attention away from what modest AI systems can do to people. They don't have to be super intelligent. Just super attentive. Always watching. Current technology is more than sufficient for oppression and control purposes.
This is the near term threat.
There's the threat to jobs, but that's something society has handled before. Some countries better than others.