No this is not how circuits work in your house. While they are each protected by a separate breaker they are all sharing the same power from the panel bus.

The breakers do not prevent power flowing from an outlet back into the panel bus. They are thermal magnetic trip devices (99% of the time). The thermal is just a strip that when you get too much current for too long gets hot, expands, and trips the switch.

The magnetic part is a coil and too much current too quickly pulls it like a lever.

Nothing here will prevent “backflow” of electricity. It can’t because AC is always going both directions. It is reversing direction 50-60 times a second

The only thing you will hit is whether the power is on the same phase as your fridge. If not it’s going back to the grid.